Assignment name:

Impact of the Game Management Areas on Zambia Household Welfare (IGMAW) Survey

Approx. value of the contract (in current US$):

US $ 30,000

Country: Zambia

Location within country: All game management areas and national parks

Duration of assignment (months): 72



Name of Client: World Bank and Natural Resources Consultative Forum (NRCF)

Total No. of staff-months of the assignment: 77

Contact Person, Title/Designation, Tel. No./Address:

Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay, Policy and Economics Team, Environment Department, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW MSN MC 5-511, Washington DC 20433, USA. Email: [email protected], Phone: +1.202.473.7690



Jean-Michel Pavy, Consultant, Operations and Biodiversity Conservation, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA. Emil: [email protected]. Phone: +1 (202) 473-1000.

Start date (month/year): June 2006

Completion date (month/year): August 2006

No. of professional staff-months provided by your consulting firm/organization or your sub consultants: 77

Name of associated Consultants, if any: Central Statistical Office (now Zambia Statistics Agency, ZamStats)





Name of senior professional staff of your consulting firm/organization involved and designation and/or functions performed (e.g. Project Director/Coordinator, Team Leader):

Prof. Gelson Tembo – Survey Coordinator/Principal Investigator (PI);

Constance Ng’wane – Independent Contractor

Doreen Goma – Master Trainer

Description of Project:

The Impact of Game Management Areas on Household Welfare Survey (IGMAHW/IGMAW) was commissioned by NRCF, the World Bank, and ZAWA to generate policy-relevant evidence on whether Zambia’s Game Management Areas (GMAs)—buffer zones around national parks where community-based natural resource management and tourism-related interventions operate—were improving household living conditions and how benefits (and costs) were distributed. The study used an impact-evaluation approach designed for non-random program placement (notably propensity score matching) by comparing households inside GMAs to households in carefully selected non-GMA control areas bordering the same park systems. In scope, the survey covered the major park systems in the study frame (Bangweulu, Kafue, Lower Zambezi, and Luangwa), drew a stratified two-stage cluster sample of standard enumeration areas (SEAs) with household listing and systematic household selection, and ultimately interviewed 2,649 households (1,289 in control/non-GMA areas and 1,360 in GMAs) in the main 2006 survey round. Implementation ran from initial design work beginning in April 2005, through instrument development and pretesting in September 2005, to full fieldwork and analysis/reporting completed in the 2006-2012 cycle that underpinned the resulting World Bank/government outputs and peer-reviewed papers.

Description of actual services provided by your staff within the assignment:

Palm Associates—through Prof. Gelson Tembo—provided end-to-end technical leadership for the Impact of Game Management Areas (GMAs) on Household Welfare (IGMAHW) survey with the World Bank, working closely with Dr. Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay (then a Senior Economist at the World Bank, Washington, DC) and Dr. Jean-Michel Pavy (World Bank, Lusaka) from design through analysis and reporting. Beyond overseeing survey implementation and quality assurance, Prof. Tembo also co-led the data analysis and report writing, including spending time at the World Bank offices in Washington, D.C. during the analysis and drafting stage. The work subsequently informed a broader body of outputs, including World Bank and Government publications, a policy brief on the impacts of natural resource conservation policies around Zambian national parks (https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/55055/?ln=en&v=pdf), and peer-reviewed journal articles—most notably in the Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research (https://doi.org/10.1080/19390450903350838) and World Development (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.019).